Cancer in young people: What experts want you to know about rising rates

In 2025, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) published a report showing that more than 10 common cancers, including colorectal, breast, uterine and kidney cancer, are on the rise in people under 50 in the United States. The trend has left many researchers perplexed and racing to find answers.

What is causing cancer in young people

While there's no definitive reason for this alarming trend, there are suspicions about some possible contributing factors. These include:

• Obesity
• Alcohol consumption
• Diet
• Exposure to environmental factors like microplastics and "forever chemicals," also known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), long-lasting chemicals found in water, air and soil that have been linked to harmful health risks

Expert insights and approaches

Main Line Health experts on the front lines urge education, awareness and vigilance. This is how some of them are approaching this complex topic.

Diagnosing gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in young adults

Rasiq Zackria, DO, gastroenterologist

Don't panic about cancer without first seeing a healthcare clinician. And get evaluated if these symptoms are persistent or worsening: heartburn, trouble swallowing, unexplained weight loss, back or stomach pain.

Treating GI cancers in young adults

William F. Morano, MD, surgical oncologist

Many of the patients I see have advanced GI cancers that have spread to the liver or abdomen. Even if your cancer has spread, we have options, such as chemotherapy, surgery and heat to destroy the cancer cells.

Treatment decision factors for young adults with cancer

Lauren Young, MD, medical oncologist

Treatment is driven by diagnosis, staging and what would best fit your unique situation. With young patients, we consider fertility and family planning, pregnancy or menopausal status, genetic factors, potential side effects, treatment goals and long-term complications.

Genetics and risk assessment for young adults

Terri McHugh, DO, director, and Rachael Brandt, PhD, manager
Genetics and Risk Assessment Program

When someone under 50 is diagnosed with cancer, it's more likely to be inherited. A genetic counselor can help assess your risk, discuss if genetic testing is appropriate and explain test results. If testing is positive, prevention and early detection care can be personalized for you. Knowing your family history is the first step.

Understanding breast cancer in young adults

Elissa Dalton, MD, breast surgeon

Screening mammograms typically begin at age 40. But if you have a family history of cancer, you may be eligible for high-risk screening. If you notice a lump, nipple discharge, skin changes or pain, you should see a breast specialist.

Breast cancer reconstructive options for young adults

Michael Tecce, DO, plastic and reconstructive surgeon

Young adults are concerned with education, family, career and dating when they get cancer. Suddenly, you need to take time off from work and worry about scars. Breast reconstruction can be done with a shorter recovery to return to life sooner. My job is to create a look and feel that helps restore patients.

Gynecologic cancers in young adults

Caitlin Farabaugh, MD, gynecologic oncologist

If you have abnormal bleeding, talk with your clinician. Request a biopsy if you have risk factors such as obesity. If you have a family history of cancer, speak with a genetic counselor. If you are diagnosed with a gynecologic cancer, we try to preserve fertility and ovarian function when possible and quality of life is always a major factor during and after treatment.

Cancer support services for young adults

Tara Sweeney, BSN, RN, OCN, CHPN, lead oncology nurse navigator

Balancing cancer diagnosis, the effects of treatment and the stressors of young adulthood can be overwhelming. We try to understand your needs and goals so we can help with education, resources, referrals and scheduling. We're here to support you and your loved ones from diagnosis through survivorship.