Though the brain looks like a uniform structure, it is actually divided into many parts that perform very particular functions. Many of these different areas are active simultaneously or sequentially during daily activities. An injury, however, can interrupt the connections between the areas of the brain and so inhibit the simplest tasks.
Skull
The bones that come together to completely cover and protect the brain.
Brain Stem
Although this area is anatomically small, it plays a very important role in many brain functions. Injuries to the brain stem can affect motor function, eye movements, speech, swallowing, and the level of consciousness.
Cerebellum
This area is particularly important in coordination and balance.
Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain, it is divided into the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Generally, each hemisphere directs the motor and sensory functions for the opposite side of the body (i.e. the left hemisphere governs the right side of the body and vice versa). The hemispheres also have specific roles. For example, the left hemisphere of right-handed people governs language functions, and the right hemisphere is particularly important in visual-spatial functions. Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes, which have specific functions.
Frontal Lobes
Govern personality, expression of emotion, storage of information, abstract thought, problem-solving, ability to organize, concentration, and the ability to initiate action and movement.
Parietal Lobes
Important in sensation, perception, attention, and complex aspects of brain processing.
Temporal Lobes
Regulate memory function, language information, and behavior.
Occipital Lobes
Responsible for aspects of visual function.
